In the process of installing Docker on WSL, instructions say download a DEB package:
Open WSL terminal
Create a temporary download directory in Ubuntu, copy the DEB package from Windows to Ubuntu, install:
mkdir ~/docker_deb
cd ~/docker_deb
cp /mnt/c/Users/arthu/Downloads/docker*.deb .
sudo dpkg -i ./docker*.deb
(if necessary) fix any dependency and install again:
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg -i ./docker*.deb